The earliest examples of print on fabrics date back to the 4th
century B.C. Yes, printing on fabrics such an old process. The print is an
embossment of a pattern on the fabric in order to make it more attractive.
Unlike dying, printing involves an application of many colors.
The first technique of printing on fabric
was block printing. It is believed
that it was mostly originated in China and then well accepted throughout Asia,
India and Europe. In block printing, patterns are carved on wood or cooper blocks;
these blocks then are dipped into dye and then pressed hard against the cloth.
The impression comes on the cloth and the printed fabric gets ready. Indeed, it
is a very time-consuming process because unlike machines, every single print is
pressed by hands.
In the early 17th century, East
India Company started shipping printed cotton to England. They even
commissioned simpler patterns than the traditional Indian styles and got them
printed to be sent back to Britain. By the 18th century when the
industrial revolution starts setting in, the process of printing became mechanized. Now, there were cylinder or
roller printings were taking place. In this process, the fabric is carried
along a rotating central cylinder and pressed by a series of other rollers
that are engraved with designs. Each roller was filled with different color
and that’s how the printing process got much faster and easier.
By the early 20th century, the
modern screen-printing method had arrived. It is said that the technique was
prevailing at the time of block printing also and both these techniques have
had almost the same journey. This technique involves the use of a stencil of an
image on a screen of porous mesh (traditionally made of silk), a roller is used
to press ink over the stencil, which in turn gets forced through the mess and comes
onto the fabric. There are separate stencils for different colors. The rotary
multi-colored screen printing which is prevalent in contemporary times helps to print fabrics at a better, faster and economical rate.
The one which is the latest and trending
now days is digital printing. The
computer-controlled lasers and high-pressure jets are there to inject ink
directly onto the fabric. This allows for very detailed patterns and beautiful
ones. Also, the process is very expensive but dam faster.
The printing techniques on fabric have
indeed evolved over time but the old ones haven’t lost their relevance or
charm.
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