Dyeing the fabric means transferring the color on the
textile material (yarn or final fabric.) Scholars have found mention of dyeing
textiles as far back as 2600BCE. Yes, dyeing
Fabric is such an old process. Primarily, the source of dye was nature. The
dyes/colors were extracted from animals or plants. Since the mid-19th century, humans have started
producing artificial dyes to get a broader range of colors and also to have
more long-lasting ones.
Dyes come in four forms- powders,
pastes, crystals, and liquid dispersions. They all get completely dissolved in
an aqueous solution like water. When the textile material is dipped into it,
the dye molecules get fixed on the fibers. Basically, the dyeing process is all
about absorption and diffusion. Absorption is transferring of dyes from the
aqueous solution onto the fabric surface and diffusion is dyes getting diffused
into the fibers. Of course, the temperature and other controlling factors play
a major role. This dyeing can be either done by hand or machine. Also,
different kinds of dyes are used for different types of fabrics.
For
example, acid dyes are used to dye wool and silk, the basic dye is used for
acrylic fabric, disperse dyes for polyester yarn and cotton can be dyed with a
variety of dyes like vat dyes, direct dyes and modern synthetic reactive. The
right Process
of dyeing Fabric is:
Singeing and Desizing: They are the first two steps of
pre-treatment respectively. Here loose, hairy, projecting fibers and gummy
materials over the fiber are removed.
Sourcing: This is done to remove the impurities over the textile material.
Bleaching: In this step, the natural color of the
raw materials reduced.
Mercerizing: It is an additional step and it is done
to increase the strength and luster of the material
Dyeing: Here the material is dyed into another
color.
Wait, are you thinking the same
what’s there on my mind? Then what’s the difference between paint and dye? When
you paint a fabric, you are coating the surface of it but when you dye, you are
actually changing the crystal structure of it. Well, that’s too much chemistry.
For now, what is important to understand is that dyes are more saturating and
permanent. The clothes dyed into
colors last through many wearing and washings
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